Stock options are financial contracts between a buyer and a seller that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific stock at a specific price (strike price) on or before a specific date (expiration date). They are considered a type of derivative because their value is derived from an underlying asset, which is the stock.
The history of stock options dates back to the 1600s in Amsterdam, where they were used as a form of investment. However, it wasn't until the early 1970s that stock options became widely available and began to be traded on exchanges.
Examples of stock options from everyday life can include employees who receive stock options as a form of compensation from their employer. For example, an employee may be granted the option to buy a certain number of shares of the company's stock at a set price. If the stock's price rises above the strike price, the employee can exercise the option and make a profit. Another example could be an investor who uses stock options to hedge against potential losses in their stock portfolio. By buying a put option, the investor can lock in a selling price for their stock, reducing their potential loss in the event of a downturn in the market.
Trading with options is basically the “game” of risk and probabilities. This lesson introduces this correlation through a playful example.